1958 japanese expedition to antarctica

Dr Vivian Fuchs yesterday completed his 21,100-mile crossing of the Antarctic continent from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea. Even though the expedition remained officially separate, it could be seen as supporting the IGYs wide-ranging scientific research efforts. An emergency evacuation resulted in the abandonment of 15 sled dogs. Taro (; 19551970) and Jiro (; 19551960) were two Sakhalin Huskies which survived for eleven months in Antarctica after being left behind by the 1958 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. At the time, the United Kingdoms claims in Antarctica were under increasing threat from Argentina and Chile. In 2014, 56 years since Hillary's journey and 56 years since the birth of the Massey . They joked and referred to each other by their nicknames, Bunny and Ed.. Going home One of the sled dogs used by Dr Fuchs, catches a flight home after a job well done. After an initial speculation about pirates, they saw as they drew nearer that the ship was flying the Norwegian flag, and realised that this was Amundsen's ship, Fram. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition of 1910-12, in the ship Kainan Maru, was the first such expedition by a non-European nation.It was concurrent with two major Antarctic endeavours led respectively by Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, and has been relatively overlooked in polar history.After failing to land in its first season, the Japanese expedition's original aim of reaching the . And it helped cement New Zealands independent relationship with Antarctica, specifically the Ross Dependency and Scott Base, as quite separate from its ties to Britain. With the ending of IGY the threat arose that the moratorium too would end, letting the carefully worked out Antarctic structure collapse into its pre-IGY chaos. [60], Shirase now decided to divide the expedition into two parts. 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This giant snow cruiser carried five men and a Navy BI-plane and sufficient equipment for an exploring trip to last a year and it is missing. Dr Fuchs said he would return to his Cambridge home and geological work in London after a holiday in New Zealand. The term autograph is used when the author has signed the item. . . This breed's claim to fame came from the ill-fated 1958 Japanese research expedition to Antarctica. One party, led by Tomoji Tsuchiya, headed south but were soon stopped by impassable ice. Instead, he decided, the Japanese expedition would focus on more modest objectives in science, surveying, and exploring in King Edward VII Land. Indeed, by the end of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition, New Zealands biggest partner in Antarctic science was not the United Kingdom, but the United States. HDS30-23 This Polar Circle and Antarctic Peninsula cruise passes through waters travelled by Humpback, Minke and Fin whales. m/v Hondius. The 1958 ill-fated Japanese expedition to Antarctica inspired the 1983 hit film, Antarctica, of which Eight Below is a remake. [28], During the few days spent in the port, the crew scoured the town for sources that might provide them with information about ice conditions further south. [30] On 26 February the first iceberg was sighted,[30] after which the ship was surrounded by ice of all kinds, from loose brash to huge bergs. Sputnik 1 (launched on October 4, 1957) . In its second Antarctic season, 191112, it made no major scientific or geographical discoveries, but could claim some significant achievements. [44] Nevertheless, life during the long winter months was generally frugal and monotonous,[43] "almost a beggar's life", Shirase later wrote. [72][79][n 4] Two land parties disembarked to explore what they thought was virgin territory, unaware that a team from Amundsen's expedition, led by Prestrud, had entered the land from the Barrier the previous year. [8][20] Hamre praises Nomura's seamanship as worthy of comparison with that of the great navigators. the research station" Showa station" which located at 6900 S 3935 E in. [92] Kainan Maru left the bay on 4 February. Copying material by photography, electrostat, or scanning device by readers is prohibited. At the head of a major public relations campaign, Hillarys attachment to the expedition was a big factor in growing support for the expedition. Although tales of secret Nazi bases or lost Antarctic colonies still . 11 men with 15 sled-dogs (Sakhalin Husky) These may include seeking permission to read, extended closure, or other specific conditions. [74] Resuming on 22January, over the next few days they battled on against strong winds and blizzards, while the temperature fell to 25C (13F). The Antarctic Treaty. [18] In the absence of a proper scientific team, Shirase had to scale down his scientific programme; he would concentrate on the conquest of the Pole. Fuchs party arrived, rather anticlimactically, at Scott Base on March 2, 1958, completing the historic 3,473 kilometre journey. In January, 1956, Admiral Byrd led another expedition to the Antarctic and there penetrated for 2,300 miles BEYOND the South Pole. In the end, New Zealanders donated more to the TAE per capita than the British public did. He and his nine companions of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition reached Scott Base at 1.47 pm (11.47 am Sydney time) - 99 days after setting out from Shackleton. But as a historian of Antarctic science, I believe the expedition tells us about more than just Kiwi ingenuity and attitude. Led the 1963-64 Northern Victoria Land expedition, the last major Antarctic expedition where dogs were used. Yet the drama was still not over. [28] More particularly, they sought up-to-date charts; all they possessed for navigation beyond 60S was a small-scale photocopy of an admiralty chart marking Ernest Shackleton's 1907 route in Nimrod. The first successful land crossing via the South Pole is led by British geologist Vivian Fuchs with New Zealander Edmund Hillary leading the back-up party, more than 40 years . Even the American expedition to the Weddell Sea in 1947-48 did not acknowledge British sovereignty. at the North Pole. This was to the chagrin of many scientists in both parties, including the IGY scientific leader Trevor Hatherton, who decried the sites poor conditions for geologic, geomagnetic and seismic research. The remainder of the expedition was an exercise in damage control, with the organising committees in New Zealand and the UK stressing there was indeed only one expedition, and there had been no race to the Pole. Hamuna Icefall (Photo: Iuko TSUWA, JARE51), Research Organization of Information and Systems / National Institute of Informatics / The Institute of Statistical Mathematics / National Institute of Genetics / Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Inter-university Research Institute Corporation Research Organization of Information and Systems Right from the get-go, the idea of staying with a bunch of strangers who didn't speak English at . While Fuchs soon won the support of many in the Commonwealth polar and scientific communities, some derided what appeared to be a geopolitical exercise using the supposedly apolitical, science-focused IGY. [11], The government's response was lukewarm;[8] it agreed a financial contribution and the possible loan of a ship, but in the event, parliament would not release the funds. Due to poor weather conditions, the expedition was unable to airlift out 15 dogs, which were left chained and with only a few days' worth of food. The succession of depots laid by Sir Edmund Hillarys support party helped to make the last part of the trip go smoothly, he said. The New Zealand support party he hoped would have some useful maps and geographical information to contribute. Led by Army Lieutenant Nobu Shirase, its ship Kainan Maru left Tokyo in December , reached the ice on 26 February and sailed on into the Ross Sea. The expedition was now characterised as a race to the Pole by two national parties headed by the adventurer Hillary and the scientist Fuchs. Relations between the two men were improved, at least to the point where it was agreed that Sir Ed would join the . [76] Arriving at their base camp on 31January, they recovered from their exertions by sleeping for 36hours. But as a historian of Antarctic science, I believe the expedition tells us about more than just Kiwi ingenuity and attitude. URANIUM IN ANTARCTICA; Japanese I. G. Y. Expedition Reports the Discovery. In his account to The Geographical Journal, Ivar Hamre describes a gala occasion, with flags and bunting flying,[23] while others write of brass bands, speeches and around 50,000 supporters present. The ribbon worm Heteronemertes longifissa (Hubrecht, 1887) is the only heteronemertean species reported to have bipolar distribution, but this statement is doubtful. [57] The next day, close to the Barrier edge, they turned east to look for a likely landing place in the vicinity of King Edward VII Land. This is subject to conservation requirements, copyright law, and payment of fees. The Japan National Institute of Polar Research began a multiyear research program in Antarctica to coincide with the International Geophysical Year of 1957. Kainan Maru was taken further east along the coast than any previous ship; the Dash Patrol sledged faster than anyone before, and became only the fourth team up to that time to travel beyond 80S. Asian researchers refer to the fact that a Japanese expedition led by Nobu Shirase visited West . Hillarys expedition, intended to be largely privately funded, initially lacked widespread support from New Zealanders, many of whom believed their government should cover the entire cost. Part of the Rauner Special Collections Library Repository. [50], Kainan Maru left Sydney in fair weather, and made good progress southwards. Three years after Fuchs and Hillarys official account of the expedition was published, Hillary published his own tell-all version which played up the masculinity and daring of the New Zealand party in opposition to the British. Japanese Antarctic Expedition, 1958 - 1959. Operation Highjump: 1946-47 Expedition to Explore Antarctica From the Air. The collection is arranged in the order it was deposited at the Institute. Please contact us for information about items that are not available for viewing/download or for which you might need a higher resolution format. This project was a part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), and Japanese Syowa Station was established on Ongul Island in Antarctica in 1957. . [21], Shirase set 28 November 1910 as his departure date,[22] and announced details of the timetable he planned to follow. David formed a close friendship with Shirase, with whom he shared his knowledge and experience of Antarctic conditions. [31] They could go no further south, and were in danger of being trapped, to face a wintering in the ice that it was unlikely the ship would survive. . [96] He had hoped to raise substantial funds from the sale of his expedition account, but found that, in the rapidly-changing Japan, the taste for the "Boys Own" type of adventure story had diminished he had become, as Stephanie Pain puts it in her New Scientist account, "the wrong sort of hero". They had carried out seismic soundings right across the continent. [48] Just before their departure, as a further sign of his regard, Shirase presented David with his 17th century samurai sword, a rare gift indeed to a non-Japanese. The tough, bearded, medium-height figure man who conceived, organised and led the 500,000 expedition told newspaper men to fire the questions.. Descriptions compiled by N. Boneham, Assistant Archivist with assistance from R. Stancombe and reference to Robert Keith Headland Antarctic Chronology, unpublished corrected revision of Chronological list of Antarctic expeditions and related historical events, (1 December 2001) Cambridge University Press (1989) ISBN 0521309034. In the meantime, Fuchs team had encountered rough conditions and crossed the continent much more slowly than expected. [31] The ship sailed on, past the Possession Islands and towards Coulman Island, where ice conditions were even worse. The remainder of the expedition was an exercise in damage control, with the organising committees in New Zealand and the UK stressing there was indeed only one expedition, and there had been no race to the Pole. Three monuments dedicated to the dogs have been constructed: near Wakkanai, Hokkaido;[2] under Tokyo Tower;[3] and near Nagoya Port.[1][4]. After a brief ceremony and salute to the emperor, the party began its journey back to base. The 1958 Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (Showa Station) inspired the 1983 hit film Antarctica, of which Eight Below is a remake. There was further evidence of friendliness when they later gave a radio interview together and Dr Fuchs paid tribute to Sir Edmunds work for the expedition. . [73] The next day they were confined by the weather to their tents. It left Japan in November 1910, and after its first season's failure was forced to spend the winter of 1911 in Australia. Marine Biological Data of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955-1958) [78][91], Shirase had intended to make a landing at Coulman Island on the way home, but the weather was poor and this idea was abandoned. On top of that, it carries a Navy pursuit plane and it drives over the South Pole's icy wastelands. To reduce costs and reflect New Zealands agricultural strengths, he travelled with three TE20 Massey Ferguson tractors, modified with a full tracking system for use in the snowy conditions. [17] Shirase also obtained important backing from one of Japan's leading newspapers, the Asahi Shimbun. Antarctica and thereafter. But the Ross Sea Committee, which organised the expedition, worked to imbue the public with a sense that their country had a stake in the Antarctic territory they claimed: the New Zealand Antarctic Expedition, as it was often called domestically, would be a triumph for their nation. November 6, 2014 by May Norris. Cruise date: 4 Mar - 14 Mar, 2023. They reported that the terrain was full of crevasses, some thinly covered with ice and snow, and that surface travel for any distance would be well-nigh impossible. Takesi Nagata led the summer operations for 1956-1957. The newly established Scott Base was intended to serve the interests of both New Zealands IGY and TAE parties, and was placed under Hillarys command. 1958 - West Indies Federation; 1965 - Cooperation Year; 1965 - ITU; 1980 - 80th Aniv. From the Archives, 1958: Fuchs crosses Antarctic continent. After celebrating New Year's Day in the traditional Japanese manner,[51] on 4 January 1912 the expedition reached Coulman Island, the turning point of the previous season. Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third overland journey to the South Pole, the first to use powered vehicles. In Britain, the Royal Geographical Society's secretary, John Scott Keltie, was reluctant even to acknowledge the Japanese expedition, and no report of it appeared in the Society's journal for many years. By 1935 the last outstanding amounts had been finally paid. The availability since 2011 of an English translation of Shirase's account has revealed the story of the expedition to a wider audience. Read more: Eight Below adapts the events of the 1958 incident, moved forward to 1993. To date, a total of 23 valid species of heteronemerteans belonging to 15 genera have been recorded in Antarctic and Subantarctic waters. One party would land at the Bay of Whales and form a "Dash Patrol" that would make a southern march across the Barrier, with the dogs. Takesi Nagata led the summer operations for 1956-1957. . Why Everyone Should Do A Japanese Homestay. [47], When the ship's refurbishment was complete and the expedition ready to depart, Shirase and his officers wrote to David thanking him for all the help he had given: "You were good enough to set the seal of your magnificent reputation upon our bona fides, and to treat us as brothers in the realm of science Whatever may be the fate of our enterprise, we will never forget you". Although Fuchs later stressed the scientific potential of his plan which he said took initial shape as he sheltered from a blizzard, huddled in a tent on Antarcticas Stonington Island the proposal also had geopolitical motivations. The dogs became a media sensation after their discovery, and became Japanese symbols of perseverance and fortitude. Read more: [34] In difficult and dangerous conditions, Nomura's skilful seamanship turned the ship northwards, and they were able to escape from the danger. The expedition was the first overland crossing Antarctica and traveled from the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea via the South Geographic Pole. Syowa Station, the primary station for JARE operations, is located along the northeastern coastal region of Ltzow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica (69 00'S, 39 35'E), and was opened on 29 January 1957. The ice "took the form of small lotus leaves, which gradually spread out over the sea to cover the whole surface". The expedition was led by British explorer Sir Vivian . [97], In the wider world the expedition attracted little notice, eclipsed by the dramas surrounding Amundsen and Scott and also because the only available reports were in Japanese, a language little understood outside Japan. At the time, the United Kingdoms claims in Antarctica were under increasing threat from Argentina and Chile. In the fall of 1957 the U.S. Department of State reviewed its Antarctic policy and sounded out agreements with the 11 other governments that were active in Antarctica during IGY. 34, No. It took 99 days to complete the 2,158-mile (3,473km) crossing but finally, on 2 March 1958, leader of the Commonwealth Trans Antarctic Expedition (TAE) Vivian 'Bunny' Fuchs could claim to be the first person to cross the White Continent. Showa, established in January 1957 on East Ongul . [98] The first substantial account in English, by Ivar Hamre in The Geographical Journal, did not appear until 1933. Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (Crayon Shin-chan) (d. 2009) Footage of the remains of Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance. Is this my last expedition? he repeated to one questioner. As part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1956-1958 Japan instigated a programme of Antarctic research. The Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (, Nankyoku chiiki kansoku-tai, JARE) refers to a series of Japanese Antarctic expeditions for scientific research. The ship itself, Kainan Maru, was sold back to its former owners, and resumed its fishery duties; its subsequent history is unknown. As part of the International Geophysical Year (IGY), 1956-1958 Japan instigated a programme of Antarctic research. [101], Several Antarctic landmarks reference Shirase or the expedition: the Shirase Coast,[102] the Shirase Glacier,[103] as well as Okuma Bay and Kainan Bay. [45] A member of the expedition described the camp in idyllic terms: "surrounded by dense overgrown old trees guava, bottlebrush, evergreen oak and pineStanding on the rising ground behind the encampment you can gaze up at the hillside or turn to look at the sea belowlike a landscape painting come alive". Telephone +81-42-512-0647 / Facsimile +81-42-528-3174. [32][44], In Parsley Bay, when the early suspicions had evaporated,[44] large numbers of visitors came to see the camp and have their photographs taken with Shirase and the other team members. [60] This decided, the ship turned westward towards the Bay of Whales; as they approached, they found to their astonishment that another ship was there. [28] The Christchurch Press thought they were "running it fine, even with their determination and daring". Copyright 2020 Trustees of Dartmouth College, Japanese Antarctic Expedition, 1958 - 1959. [41], After a successful plea for further funding, Nomura and Tada returned to Sydney in October with money, provisions and a fresh supply of dogs. [8][22] The two contemporaneous South Pole expeditions, led respectively by Scott and Amundsen, were by this time well established in their Antarctic bases. 1958, Page 35 Buy Reprints. It was concurrent with two major Antarctic endeavours led respectively by Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott, and has been relatively overlooked in polar history. This was an international collaborative scientific project that focused on gathering new observations on the oceans, weather systems, outer space and the poles. [30] The small leaves turned to large disks, four metres across, through which Kainan Maru attempted to drive a passage: "The crunch and crack every time we smashed through a floe were not at all pleasant. This was an international collaborative scientific project that focused on gathering new observations on the oceans, weather systems, outer space and the poles. Antarctic expedition . In the messroom at the base, a vast and disjointed cocktail party was soon under way. This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 00:15. [32][41] Meanwhile, Kainan Maru was taken to the Jubilee Dock, to await repairs and refitting. [22], On departure day, large crowds gathered to see the expedition off. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. Finding Shackleton's ship: why our fascination with Antarctica endures. Dr Fuchs and Sir Edmund linked arms as they stepped from the leading snocat. [35][29], The initial reception in Sydney was cool, even hostile. [8][20] But she was strongly built, with a double layer hull sheathed with iron plating, and extra protection at the stem. The Japanese Antarctic Expedition led by middle-aged army reservist Lieutenant Nobu Shirase was in Antarctica at the same time that Scott and Amundsen were engaged on their attempts on the South Pole. Crossing the Polar Circle. Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition Data Reports. Copyright National Institute of Polar Research All rights reserved. Read the original article. [citation needed] In the 1958 event, fifteen Sakhalin Husky sled dogs were abandoned when the . The Institute may be able to provide copies of some documents on request for lodgement in publicly available repositories. The expedition was now characterised as a race to the Pole by two national parties headed by the adventurer Hillary and the scientist Fuchs. The movie spectacularly traces some movements of the ill fated 1958 Japanese Antarctic expedition. Like the first race to the Pole between Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott in 1911-12, this one was framed as yet another loss by Britain. 1957-1958 - During the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58, 12 nations establish 50 stations in Antarctica, the beginning of formal, international cooperation. After failing to land in its first season, the Japanese expedition's original aim of reaching the South Pole was replaced by less ambitious objectives, and after a more successful second season it returned safely to Japan, without injury or loss of life. [67] The Norwegians were less flattering in their observations of the Japanese expedition, noting in particular the barbaric fashion in which wildlife was captured and killed. What many of you do not know is that as part of my trip I had to spend a homestay weekend with a Japanese family. As a major industrial power, China has growing interests in the resource-rich Antarctic (Liu and Brooks 2018). [75] Weather conditions were now much more favourable, and they covered the distance in three days, possibly the fastest polar sledge journey at that time. [96][72], In 1979 Mary Edgeworth David donated her father's samurai sword to the Australian Museum, where it is a focus of interest to many Japanese visitors. Back To . This would be the first overland crossing of the frozen continent. . 4.0 AntarcticaPast and Present. Job well done ) inspired the 1983 hit film, Antarctica, of which Eight Below a... Land expedition, 1958 - West Indies Federation ; 1965 - ITU ; 1980 - 80th Aniv from! 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