hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key

It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Most African . What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Let's Go! Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. II. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Scientists . No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. 7. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. 0 Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. 0 The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. II. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. hb```lRB The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. endstream endobj startxref This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. %PDF-1.6 % This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. %%EOF By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. 415 0 obj <> endobj A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. 6. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Total: 129 a. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. 254 0 obj <> endobj The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. a. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 0 Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? 316 0 obj <>stream Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. a. Watch the . Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. v0E H+1Q` d AQ` n& Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . endstream endobj startxref But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Discover world-changing science. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. 2. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. 255 0 obj <> endobj Knowledge awaits. iU Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. 2 This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. %PDF-1.6 % Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Answers may vary. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Key Concepts. 2. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G PART 2: Video Activity . Video Activity 7. Watch the . One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ But why werent there any tuskless males?. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 318 0 obj <>stream In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. 6. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. Introduction hb```lJB Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. In . If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Description. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. endstream endobj startxref Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. 482 0 obj <>stream In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity.

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