eratosthenes contribution to oceanography

Geography is derived from the Greek words geo (the Earth in its broadest sense) and graphos (graphos (graphy), which means to write about. To write about the Earth in a literal sense. He developed Read more. Eratosthenes was born in approximately 276 BC. He also dedicated to Eratosthenes The method. He died in 194BC at 82 in Alexandria. Why is Eratosthenes called the father of geography? He also measured the degree of obliquity of the ecliptic (in effect, the tilt of Earths axis) and wrote a treatise on the octateris, an eight-year lunar-solar cycle. Eratosthenes calculated the Earths circumference, and invented the latitude/longitude system. Despite the fact that in Greek times young people from wealthy families had more access to education, there were male academies. G. Argoud, J.Y. Biography. He described the geography of the world into two parts: (i) Europa, and (ii) Libya (Africa including Asia). He was a figure of influence in many fields who yearned to understand the complexities of the entire world. The texts of his early works as a poet are not preserved either; however, some names were passed on to posterity through quotations from other Greeks. He divided the earth into 5 climatic zones: the frozen poles, under them two temperate zones and in the center a tropical belt that bordered the equator. in. Moreover, he conceived the peninsula of India Pointing towards the south-west, instead of south. Under Ptolemaic rule the economy prospered, based largely on the export of horses and silphium, a plant used for rich seasoning and medicine. 2, 1977. Zihuatanejo Beach Shawshank, Eratosthenes of Cyrene was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. Rist, J.M. It was now possible to estimate one's distance from remote locations with this network over the surface of the Earth. Some time ago he had gone blind from cataracts and is believed to have committed suicide by starvation. He expanded the library's holdings: in Alexandria all books had to be surrendered for duplication. Geographers look at both the physical properties of the Earths surface and the human societies that live on it. Eratosthenes knew from readings he had taken in Alexandria that during the summer solstice in Siena, at noon the sun was just overhead. The first place must go to Eratosthenes, the man who coined the term "geography" between 275 and 194 BC. In the second, he showed his studies on the dimensions of the earth and the last was devoted to political geography. This is important to marine science because these concepts are used for locations around the globe. He is known as the Father of Mathematics. What were Eratosthenes major achievements? Contributions of Greeks in the field of Physical Geography: The Greeks made remarkable development in the field of physical geography. He invented a system of longitude and latitude and made a map of the known world. He sketched, quite accurately, the route of the Nile to Khartoum, showing the two Ethiopian tributaries. He conceived the subcontinent of India to be of rhomboidal form and supposed the range of Imaus (Himalayas) which he said extended from west to east, to have made the boundary of India. One of the Greeks primary contributions to oceanography and seafaring is the latitude/longitude system. This is the sieve's key distinction from using trial division to sequentially test each candidate number for divisibility by each prime. Eratosthenes, then thirty years old, accepted Ptolemy's invitation and traveled to Alexandria, where he lived for the rest of his life. a. Eratosthenes of Cyrene developed longitude and latitude. He acquired works such as the great dramas of Aeschylus and Euripides. He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians. Although these tables have not survived, it is claimed that twelve books of tables of chords were written by Hipparchus. "Ptolemy's System of Seven Climata and Eratosthenes' Geography". At the Library of Alexandria, he was the chief librarian where he read books on a variety of disciplines that expanded his knowledge extensively. He greatly overestimated the West to East distance from the Westernmost part of Europe to the Eastern extremity of the ekumene (the habitable calculated the Earths circumference and invented the first lattitude/longitude system a system of imaginary lines on the Earth, used for navigation and mapping. Required fields are marked *. Like any young Greek at the time, Eratosthenes would have studied in the local gymnasium, where he would have learned physical skills and social discourse as well as reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, and music.[9]. Earth Science Oceanography: An Invitation To Marine Science, Loose-leaf Versin How did the Library of Alexandria contribute to the development of marine science? in, Chondros, Thomas G. Archimedes Life Works and Machines. They believed only rivers had currents, and named this mass of water okeanos (meaning river), from which we derived our term . Book Collection Nonfiction: High School Edition. The book written by him describes the ekumene (inhabited) world. For his contributions to philosophy, Eratosthenes was called the second Plato. [5] He adopted view of Aristotle & regarded the shape of the earth as sphere. Geography consisted of eight volumes. For his studies on the earth, Eratosthenes is known as the "father of geography." He made maps, both of the world and sky and is said to have made a map that included 675 stars. Ptolemy III was not moved only by his interest in the work of Eratosthenes, but also by political motives. III. In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes (Greek: ), one of a number of prime number sieves, is a simple, ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit. Research into physical oceanography included Strabo, who observed volcanic activity and concluded that land was not totally static. Uf Women's Studies Electives, It does so by iteratively marking as composite, i.e., not prime, the multiples of each prime, starting with the multiples of 2. Their achievements in climatology, oceanography, geomorphology, linear measurements, determination of cardinal points, limits of habitable world, sprawl of continents and oceans are highly appreciable. Around 255 BCE, he invented the armillary sphere. [12] As he aged, he contracted ophthalmia, becoming blind around 195 BC. The inscription that Eratosthenes made in the mesolabe that he gave to Ptolemy III, said: "This you have at hand, friend, if you want to get double a small cube, or that transformation into any other solid figure, and also if you measure in this way an enclosure or a silo or the concave cavity of a well when you take the concurrences means between extreme limits within double rules . During his life Eratosthenes was a lover of knowledge in all its areas. He noted that the Suns rays fell vertically at noon in Syene (now Aswn), Egypt, at the summer solstice. Digital Radiography Technique, What Is Fast Acquisition Corp. . That is why he thought that he would arrive in Asia on his journey and did not realize that a new continent had arrived. In the same way, he wrote poetry and his themes included the stories of the constellations. He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. and more. He studied at Plato's school in Athens. Eratosthenes Of Cyrene 13. Among the archives that were at the disposal of Eratosthenes, the distance between Siena and Alexandria was stated to be 5000 stadia. George Syncellus was later able to preserve from Chronographies a list of 38 kings of the Egyptian Thebes. 7 de junio de 2022; where to buy used bicycles near me Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. After study in Alexandria and Athens, Eratosthenes settled in Alexandria about 255 bce and became director of the great library there. Now part of modern-day Libya, Cyrene had been founded by Greeks centuries earlier and became the capital of Pentapolis (North Africa), a country of five cities: Cyrene, Arsinoe, Berenice, Ptolemias, and Apollonia. This work was highly esteemed for its accuracy. [6] He wrote Chronographies, a text that scientifically depicted dates of importance, beginning with the Trojan War. Archimedes is regarded as one of the most notable Greek mathematicians. Later, the Greeks speculated on the idea that the earth was round. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (/ r t s n i z /; Greek: [eratostns]; c. 276 BC - c. 195/194 BC) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.His work is comparable to what is now known as the study of geography, and he . Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010. Term. According to Macrobious, Eratosthenes made the diameter of the Sun to be about 27 times that of the Earth. At present it is known that the equatorial diameter is 40,075 kilometers. The Classical Review. The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. Eratosthenes was called The Father Of Geography, since he was very knowledgeable about the earth. Eratosthenes who made observations at Syene (Aswan) and Alexandria calculated the circumference of the earth as 250,000 stadia (25,000 miles). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2012-2023 On Secret Hunt - All Rights Reserved Review of (D.W.) Roller 'Eratosthenes' Geography. Ben-Avraham et al. Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE192 or 194 BCE) was an ancient Greek mathematician, poet, and astronomer who is known as the father of geography. He was the founder of Geography and holds the credit to . He was nicknamed Beta because he was great at many things and tried to get his hands on every bit of information but never achieved the highest rank in anything; Strabo accounts Eratosthenes as a mathematician among geographers and a geographer among mathematicians.[25]. Eratosthenes' other contributions include: The Sieve of Eratosthenes as a way of finding prime numbers. He was a follower of Aristotle in his belief about the spherical shape of the Earth which he considered to be placed in the centre of the universe. Definition of Oceanography 1. Eratosthenes hired a man to pace the distance between the two cities and learned they were 5,000 stadia apart, which is about 800 kilometers. In 1870, Dr. C. Wyville Thomson suggested that the Royal Society of London ask the British government for the use of one of its ships for an extended . Known For: Eratosthenes was a Greek polymath who became known as the father of geography. If you ask any geographer to name a person who was responsible for the founding of their discipline, theyre likely to say, Ptolemy. Claudius Ptolemaeus lived in second-century Alexandria from 100 AD to 170 AD, writing the Geographike hyphegesis (c150), also known as the Geography. He also tried to determine the obliquity of the ecliptic. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Geographys History. Geography is the study of where things are found, why they exist, and how they develop and change over time. This is where, according to Pliny, "The world was grasped." Eratosthenes is also known for his achievement in astronomy. When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. 4. Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography ugc net, Aristotle Contribution to Geography Notes By NETSET CORNER, Hipparchus Contribution to Geography Notes By NETSET CORNER, Contribution of Greek Scholar in Geography Full Notes for UGC NET, GEOGRAPHY UNIT WISE MOCK TEST (MCQS) NTA UGC NET, Contribution of Alexander Von Humboldt in the Field of Geography NTA UGC NET, Geomorphology 200 MCQS Mock Test 1 NTA UGC NET, MODEL MOCK TEST FOR GEOGRAPHY PAPER 2 NTA UGC NET. During the Middle Ages, most scholars accepted Eratosthenes' circumference, though Christopher Columbus used Posidonius' measurement to convince his supporters that he could quickly reach Asia by sailing west from Europe. He made a catalog of 675 stars. I. Eratosthenes made maps, both of the world and sky and is said to have made a map that includes 675 stars. Tiberias Nyc Reservations, Eratosthenes - He was a Greek mathematician who had a profound interest in geography. In the Geography the names of over 400 cities and their locations were shown, which had never been achieved before. With the parallels and meridians, Eratosthenes located the known countries and cities. The pecialized text They are thoe that contain a vocabulary and terminology pecific to a certain branch of knowledge. The children were trained from the age of seven in subjects such as literature, sports and music. Unfortunately, other than a few scraps, little remains of Eratosthenes original work. Technology such as electronics and space travel have provided important contributions to oceanography. Eratosthenes was called The Father Of Geography, since he was very knowledgeable about the earth. Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. Plutarch's similar discussion claiming that Alexander ignored. Eratosthenes was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earths axis, which he figured with remarkable accuracy; the finding was reported by Ptolemy (85-165 CE). Cyrene, then a Greek city, is now the town of Shahhat in Libya. 2006. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. Several astronomers and mathematicians before and after Eratosthenes tried to accurately measure the circumference of the Earth, but is was Eratosthenes that came through. Cnidus, 342337 BC), Greek mathematician and astronomer who significantly advanced proportion theory, contributed to the identification of constellations in the Greek world and thus the development of observational astronomy, and created the first sophisticated, geometrical model of celestial motion. Later he joined the Platonists as a pupil of Arcesilao.It was then that Eratosthenes created a work called Platonicus, in which, following Plato's method, he explored mathematical and cosmological issues. Arab Contributions To Geography And Navigation posted on: Nov 4, 2015 The world's earliest geographical and navigational charts were developed by Canaanites who, probably simultaneously with the Egyptians, discovered the Atlantic Ocean. Calculated the Earth's circumference: 40,000 km (24,840 mi) More precise, modern measurement: 40,032 km (24,860 mi) Eratosthenes' most famous contribution to science was his calculation of the circumference of the Earth, which he completed while working on the second volume of his "Geography.". He had become blind in his old age and could no longer work by 195 BCE. The famous geographer and chief librarian at Alexandria Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276 BCE - 194 BCE) also referenced Pytheas in a treatise that, like On the Ocean, has been lost but that was widely circulated in the ancient world. is credited for two important contributions to oceanography: 1. Leaving Cape Town in April 1932, Discoveryand its oceanographers, including George Deacon, circumnavigated Antarctica, much of the first few months at sea the Antarctic winter, completing the long series of sections in April 1933 before returning to England. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. Strabo argues it was Alexander's interpretation of their "real intent" in recognizing that "in some people there prevail the law-abiding and the political instinct, and the qualities associated with education and powers of speech". Then he continued: "And do not try to understand the intricate tasks of the Archytas cylinders or the triple cuts of the cone of Menechmus or what the curved figure of the divine Eudoxus describes in its lines, because in these tablets you will easily find thousands of means even starting from poor start . Life. He was the inventor of Geography and is responsible for calculating the Earths circumference. He created a method known as the Siege of Eratosthenes by which he calculated the prime numbers. 22.40, the Sieve of Eratosthenes, so that, if the number the user inputs into the program is not prime, the program displays the prime factors of the number. A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist, or humanist whose field of study is geography. Updates? The Fourteenth Edition incorporates James Rennell has been called the Father of Indian Geography, and for his pioneering work on oceanography as the Father of Oceanography.. Who discovered the geography? Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. The first recorded use of the word geography was by Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar who lived from 276-194 BC who is credited with creating the discipline of geography (Eratosthenes' Geography. What superannuation contributions are reportable? Given an estimate of the distance between the two cities, he was able to calculate the circumference of Earth, obtaining 250,000 stadia. In the first, Eratosthenes addressed the previous theories and compiled the existing information in the library. Eratosthenes was called Beta (the second letter of the Greek alphabet) because he was never first, but he is more famous than his Alpha teachers because his discoveries are still used today. Your email address will not be published. Definition. During the period in which Eratosthenes was in charge of the Library of Alexandria, great advances were made in it. Fragments Collected and Translated, with Commentary and Additional Material. He had become blind in his old age and could no longer work by 195 BCE. Eratosthenes noted that at Alexandria, at the same date and time, sunlight fell at an angle of about 7.2 from the vertical. are near the ocean) Life began in the ocean 4 billion years before present Stayed there for over 3 billion years before venturing out onto the surface Take notes about his accomplishments. He established the value of each degree in 700 stadiums and a total circumference of 252,000, corresponding to approximately 39,691 kilometers, since the stadium was a difficult measure to determine. Eckerman, C. (2011). salinity, waves, tides and winds. A Tradition of Exploration Norwegian pioneers throughout history The Viking Age From 800 to 1066 AD, the Vikings journeyed in their longships to explore and establish trade around Europe. We know him best for two important achievements: producing an accurate estimate of how big Earth is; and devising a method to find prime numbers. The role of p ychologi t in relation to mental health and well-being i extremely important today, and it i not urpri ing that many people have the need to go to p ychotherapy e ion or require p ycholo Few mu ician have o marked the future of modern mu ic a Michael Jack on, con idered the King of Pop. [23] Strabo says that Eratosthenes was wrong to claim that Alexander had disregarded the counsel of his advisers. Term. A new play celebrates the 17th-Century Italian artist Artemisia Gentileschi, who defied her rape and torture through masterful paintings. They also built a ship know as the Knarr. As head of the library Eratosthenes tutored the children of Ptolemy, including Ptolemy IV Philopator who became the fourth Ptolemaic pharaoh. He could then use simple proportions to find the Earths circumference 7.2 degrees is 1/50 of 360 degrees, so 800 times 50 equals 40,000 kilometers. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Uci Computer Science And Engineering, He was born in 271 BC in Cyrene, which is now known as Libya, in North Africa. His prime number sieve made it simple for Greek mathematicians (and now-frustrated modern students!) He was called Pentathlos, a title given to those who were victors in the five tests of the Olympic games, because he dedicated himself to cultivating all areas of knowledge. The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:23. Eratosthenes also wrote Olympic Victors, a chronology of the winners of the Olympic Games. Woocommerce Customization Tutorial, He is credited with devising an algorithm for finding prime numbers called the sieve of Eratosthenes, in which one arranges the natural numbers in numerical order and strikes out one, every second number following two, every third number following three, and so on, which just leaves the prime numbers. Using the precise data that Tycho had collected, Kepler discovered that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse. % complete What did Eratosthenes study? Learn everything about the Oceanography from scratch and become a master of this topic with quiz based flashcards. Location, place, human-environment interaction, movement, and geography are the five themes of geography. Eratosthenes made major contributions to geography. Why do you suppose the residents of Alexandria became hostile to the librarians and the many achievements of the library? First maps showing water (river charts) 3800 B.C. He also studied under the head of the Platonic Academy, who was Arcesilaus of Pitane. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (born c. 276 bce, Cyrene, Libyadied c. 194 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known. Marcotte, D. (1998). Etching of an ancient seal identified as Eratosthenes. Aristotle was a friend of Eratosthenes and collaborated with the mathematical calculations for the creation of the mesolabe. He studied astronomy, geography, and math. Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? But Eratosthenes, who had wide-ranging interests including poetry, theatre and ethics, was first and foremost an astronomer, and Alexandria was the place to go for astronomical studies. to find all prime numbers between any two integers. Ptolemy was an astronomer and mathematician. He died c. 194 BCE, Alexandria, Egypt. in, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 18:23, Eratosthenes' map of the (for the Greeks) known world, "Aratus's "Phenomena," Cleomedes's "On the Circular Motions of the Celestial Bodies," and Nichomachus's "Introduction to Arithmetic" Viewer World Digital Library", "Eratosthenes on the "measurement" of the Earth", "The origin and value of the stadion unit used by Eratosthenes in the third century B.C", "Eratosthenes's large Earth and tiny universe", "Eratosthenes' Parallel of Rhodes and the History of the System of Climata", English translation of the primary source for Eratosthenes and the size of the Earth, About Eratosthenes' methods, including a Java applet, How the Greeks estimated the distances to the Moon and Sun, Measuring the Earth with Eratosthenes' method, List of ancient Greek mathematicians and contemporaries of Eratosthenes, New Advent Encyclopedia article on the Library of Alexandria, Eratosthenes' sieve in classic BASIC all-web based interactive programming environment, Open source Physics Computer Model about Eratosthenes estimation of radius and circumference of Earth, Eratosthenes, Katasterismoi (or Astrothesiae), original text, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eratosthenes&oldid=1141770053, The first book was something of an introduction and gave a review of his predecessors, recognizing their contributions that he compiled in the library. He was the first to affirm that the heavy rains in the headwaters could explain the floods in the lower part of the flow. He may have measured the distances from Earth to both the Moon and to the Sun, but the historical accounts of both deeds are rather cryptic. The Greeks made tremendous advancements in the fields of geomorphology, climatology and oceanography. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Phoenicians (from what is now Syria and Lebanon) navigated and traded around Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and Africa; 2000BC 2. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Princeton University Press, 2013. He developed systems of latitudes and longitudes and ascertained accurate length of equator using Gnomon. There he first coined the term "geography" and used his discoveries regarding the size and shape of the earth to represent it. The first place must go to Eratosthenes, the man who coined the term geography between 275 and 194 BC. Eratosthenes also calculated the distance from the Earth to the Moon and to the Sun, but with less accuracy. Alfred Hettner, who inherited the concept of chorology, further developed it. [19] This book is the first recorded instance of many terms still in use today, including the name of the discipline geography. All of the planets, except for Earth, were named after Greek and Roman gods and godesses. Eratosthenes is most famous for making the first good measurement of the size of Earth. The psychological effects of incarceration: what goes on in the minds of prisoners? Who Eratosthenes was and what his contribution to math is? [8], The son of Aglaos, Eratosthenes was born in 276 BC in Cyrene. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. In a time when the ocean is threatened by climate change and pollution, coastlines are eroding, and entire species of marine life are at risk of extinction, the role of . Euclid, Greek Eukleides, (flourished c. 300 bce, Alexandria, Egypt), the most prominent mathematician of Greco-Roman antiquity, best known for his treatise on geometry, the Elements. Transit of Venus across the sum verified orbits 2. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2010. The measurement of the Sun-Earth distance, now called the astronomical unit (804,000,000 stadia, 1 stadion varies from 157 to 209 meter). [9], The measurement of Earth's circumference is the most famous among the results obtained by Eratosthenes,[13] who estimated that the meridian has a length of 252,000 stadia (39,060 to 40,320 kilometres (24,270 to 25,050mi)), with an error on the real value between 2.4% and +0.8% (assuming a value for the stadion between 155 and 160 metres (509 and 525ft)). Eratosthenes was a Greek scientist who lived from 276 to 194 B.C. He created one of the earliest maps of the known world between 276-195 BC, but his greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. Eratosthenes was well acquainted with the extent of the Red sea, which he described as extending for about 9000 stadia (900 miles) from the head of Gulf of Suez to the Bab-al-Mandab. He is best known for being the first person known to calculate the circumference of the Earth, which he did by using the extensive survey results he could access in his role at the Library; his calculation was remarkably accurate. Oceanography 100 Karen Baker Quiz #2. Who is responsible for the first measurement of the circumference of the Earth? Notable explorations were undertaken by the Greeks, the Romans, the Polynesians, the Phoenicians, Phytheas, Herodotus, the Vikings, the Portuguese and Muslims. There was the great bookstore, a museum and a school of advanced studies. He returned to Cyrene and made such a name for himself in scholarly endeavors that the Greek ruler of Egypt brought him to Alexandria to tutor his son. He invented a system of latitude and longitude and he also might have calculated the distance from earth to the sun and invented the leap day. Oceanic area = 303x10^6km^2 (59.4%) 11.5% of Earth is continent below sea level. Contribution of Greeks to Mathematical and Physical Geography! He drew the meridian through Alexandria, Syene, Rhodes and the mouth of Boresthenes (Dniester). All Categories. He spent most of his life in the city of Alexandria in Egypt. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Eratosthenes measured Earths circumference mathematically using two surface points to make the calculation. Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician with a strong interest in geography. Eratosthenes contributions to Mathematics are very notable and well known. History of Oceanography TIMELINE PDF Image Zoom Out. Arab and Muslim contribution to geography was not only confined to astronomical and mathematical geography, but rather covered a wide range of the branches of the discipline known at the present time. Eratosthenes (276-195 BCE) was an ancient Greek Alexandrian scholar, native of Cyrene, who attained distinction in many fields including philosophy, mathematics, astronomy and history. He was also of the opinion that the spread of the world from west to east is more than from north to south. Using his discoveries and knowledge of its size and shape, he began to sketch it. 2011. He believed it was a fixed globe whose changes only took place on the surface. The course consists of an extensive examination of physical and cultural factors that contribute to and produce the variable character of the earth's surface and a discussion of the significance of . Eratosthenes Contribution to Geography Eratosthenes (276-194 BC) Eratosthenes was a Greek mathematician, geographer, astronomer & poet. To calculate the circumference of the earth Eratosthenes used a method that has been used until our time, this consists of measuring a meridian. Guillaumin (eds.). Other things that Eratosthenes thought but did not turn out to be: the fact that the earth is a perfect sphere, that Alexandria is exactly north of Siena, and that the sun's rays are perfectly parallel. Eratosthenes died in his 80s in Alexandria, Egypt.

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