pros and cons of descriptive representation

How Do People React When They Encounter Problems While Voting? Statistical inference, on the other hand, consists of the methods involved . What is procedural justice-criteria used by citizens to assess the fairness of legal procedures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Also the data collected from the observed can be completely different from all other naturalistic observation in which would mean that the data is more or less, Naturalistic observation is observing behavior in an open, relaxed environment. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Part of descriptive statistics is to characterize which model the variable presents to an observer. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. descriptive representation pros and cons - chemtechspeciality.com It can only describe a situation and cannot explain why something is happening. However, the disadvantages of descriptive research include that it can be limiting, cannot identify cause and effect, and may be biased. In a proportional representation system, if the party wins 50% of the vote over 12 districts, then 6 seats would be awarded to them from the election results. That creates two unique advantages in this category: people have more influence over the structure of the government and become more invested in domestic issues. The advantages to his method are; realistic natural behaviours, low demand characteristics, can generate new ideas for research and test existing findings. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more . & Kuklinski, J. H. (1979). The research survey is one of the most widely used instruments when conducting descriptive research, where the number of samples to be taken is large. (2005). Descriptive Statistics | Research Connections That prevents incumbents from staying in office, even if 60% of the population has voted against them. Democratic theorists have long been concerned with the proper form of representation in modern governance. Descriptive research is often used to provide a snapshot of a population or phenomenon. Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. Given the important role that poll workers play as the street level bureaucrats that voters encounter and the role that descriptive representation can play in legitimizing government, it stands to reason that for minority voters, interacting with a poll worker of similar racial identity will increase confidence in elections. Bridgett King recently presented a paper at the 2018 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association entitled, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence. Here, Professor King summarizes her analysis from that paper. Political Research Quarterly, 57(1), 8199. The Journal of Politics, 59(01), 73103. The index was re-scaled to run from 0 (least fair) to 1 (most fair). One area of the voting experience that has received little attention isdescriptive representation. 2. Less time consuming: Because it is secondary data it is usually cheap and is less time consuming because someone else has compiled it. Pros and cons of working with samples. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream media, or when reading a research study on your own. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Most importantly in naturalistic observation, the researcher does not interfere with the situation in any way. pros and cons of descriptive representation Grose, C. R. (2011). descriptive representation pros and consupgrading kramer baretta specialupgrading kramer baretta special Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons Political power and womens representation in Latin America. It does not provide direct representation to specific communities. This literature traces its roots to the work of Thibaut and Walker (1975). In addition to the important administrative role that they play, poll workers also contribute to the way voters view elections and their outcomes. 4. The data obtained by conducting a descriptive. In the United States, where there are two major parties in a winner-takes-all format, each elected representative only represents a simple majority of the population. The Symbolic Benefits of Descriptive and Substantive Representation The American Political Science Review, 165177. There are occasions where the pre-experimental. Under the system of proportional representation, seats are not awarded based on community or district voting. Thibaut, J. W., Walker, L., et al. ; ; . Researchers often times are faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. . It is possible that subjects evaluations of these rates of descriptive representation depend on the type of community they are thinking of. Descriptive research can provide valuable insights into a particular situation. The analysis will stress that the deliberative function of democracy requires descriptive representation far more . Part of Springer Nature. helvetia 20 franc gold coin 1947 value; pros and cons of descriptive representation. Matthew Hayes. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research 2023 - Ablison The WAGE research initiative focuses on data-driven strategies organizations can use to "debias" their systems and create more inclusive workplaces, as well as interventions that enhance individuals agency in negotiating more gender-equitable work arrangements, including paid and unpaid labor. pros and cons of descriptive representation Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Sharma, 2019). Bridgett Kingis an associate professor and Director of the Master of Public Administration Program at Auburn University. 3. Successfully determining who wins and loses in an election involves aseries of systemsthat, while operating simultaneously, function independent of each other. PDF Descriptive and Substantive Representation in Congress: Evidence from U. both the seat in the House of Representative and the Senate (Geiger et al). It conforms to what the rest of the world is doing. The Legitimacy of Representation: How Descriptive, Formal, and descriptive representation pros and cons. village 201 new townhomes by alliance development virginia palmer elementary school staff. For instance: watching a person (or people) order food, hold a door open for another person, or greet someone would be considered a few examples of naturalistic observation. Here are some of the key pros and cons of proportional representation to think about and discuss. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Today, the Journals Division publishes more than 70 journals and hardcover serials, in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, the humanities, education, the biological and medical sciences, and the physical sciences. Campbell, D. E., & Wolbrecht, C. (2006). It enables both the collection of quantitative data and qualitative data. Any system of government can fall victim to extremism. Engendering politics the impact of descriptive representation on womens political engagement in sub-Saharan Africa. When voters vote in person, poll workers are the street level bureaucrats charged with complying with local, state, and federal laws, setting up the polling location, checking voters in and verifying voter registration status, providing assistance and remedy when there are problems with the voting machines, responding to citizens concerns and questions, and closing the polling location. Gay, C. (2002). Although the analysis focused on black Americans, descriptive representation more than likely matters for other racial and ethnic groups who often do not see themselves reflected in the street level bureaucrats they regularly encounter. See Jane run: Women politicians as role models for adolescents. Being able to make a forecast of the weather that a particular child of that city plays. The advantages of descriptive research include that it is easy to conduct, can be used to gather large amounts of data, and can provide a baseline for future research. March 7 Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Read the latest issue. . You gain tremendous benefits by working with a random sample drawn from a population. (2010). In this paper, I analyse the pros and cons of the latter. Difference Between Descriptive and Substantive Representation In, addition, women representation has grown over the years with the current Congress having more, women in positions of power. Du Bois Review, 2(02), 227246. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). This type of research is very useful when conducting studies, for example, when you want to know which brand of soda is most consumed in a supermarket, where you only want to know which is the most consumed, and not why it is the most consumed. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero Koch, J. Italy has proportional representation built into their government structures. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. The effect of black congressional representation on political participation. In the following paragraphs, I will describe the behavior I wished to observe in my chosen laboratory, the results that I obtained, and I will have provided a detailed explanation of my observation method used. Defination , Difference and Limitations of Descriptive and Inferential Race and turnout: Does descriptive representation in state legislatures increase minority voting? Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils Drawing on data from a nationally representative sample and two supplemental experiments, we show that citizens value descriptive representation independently of substantive representation. The symbolic representation of gender: A discursive approach. Limits of Descriptive Representation. pros and cons of descriptive representation - ircmar.org Schwindt-Bayer, L. A., & Mishler, W. (2005). Errors and Mistakes: Since graphical representations are complex, there is- each and every chance of errors and mistakes.This causes problems for a better understanding of general people. The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. nebraska softball roster; jacksonville, fl hurricane risk; That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. There were 23 respondents who self-identified as Mixed Race, but they were not required to identify what combination of races they identify as. Example: The population may be all people living in India. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents' interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. Since its origins in 1890 as one of the three main divisions of the University of Chicago, The University of Chicago Press has embraced as its mission the obligation to disseminate scholarship of the highest standard and to publish serious works that promote education, foster public understanding, and enrich cultural life. Descriptive research is a great way to get a snapshot of a situation. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. PubMedGoogle Scholar. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), 435457. People who were part of the study had experienced some medication error in their work unit, with dose errors being the most frequent and the number of staff giving to the event of medication errors. It can be an unstable form of government. Proportional Representation: Definition, Example, Pros & Cons Probability of very confident evaluation of ballot accuracy. Pros and Cons: Getting a Professional vs. 3. proposals are formulated against the foil of the dominant model of . British Journal of Political Science, 39(01), 141162. Representing Yourself in Court. 4. A. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools The American Political Science Review, 84, 377393. In political theory, descriptive representation as a corrective to structural asymmetries within society is usually debated against the background of formal political institutions. Limits of Descriptive Representation - Didier Ruedin Black faces in the mirror: African Americans and their representatives in the US Congress. The Women and Public Policys faculty, research fellows, and students are committed to advancing women and gender equity globally. Thu., Mar. Advantage The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. Research questions are the first step to takebefore starting to study something that intrigues us. Constituency, party, and representation in Congress. It is for this reason that it can be said that a descriptive research is quantitative. Current issues are now on the Chicago Journals website. Do majority-minority districts maximize substantive black representation in congress? Explore all the programs, projects, and initiatives at the Women and Public Policy Program. It involves the collection and analysis of data to describe a phenomenon or situation. Because of the decentralized nature of American elections, the analysis considered not only the effect of descriptive representation on confidence in the voters ballot being counted accurately but also ballots across their local jurisdiction (county or city), state, and the nation. We would also like to thank attendees at Vanderbilts Experimental Methods Speaker Series as well as anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. Kuklinski, J. H. (1978). Specifically, the data were used to determine if black voters who interacted with a black poll worker on Election Day were likely to be more confident when compared to black voters who interacted with a poll worker of another race/ethnicity. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). The effect of descriptive representation on the relationship between citizens and their government. Cerulo, K. A. Thequalityof poll workers,experienceswith voting equipment and technology, andevaluationsof polling locations can all affect how confident citizens are in elections. Gomez( 2006)argues naturalistic observations of primates show that how certain objects is intrinsic part of primate lives, from simple food collecting process as taking certain organic fruits. PDF The Symbolic Bene ts of Descriptive and Substantive Representation The research design is used to draw up the work plan to follow in the research. pros and cons of descriptive representation It allows us to not only understand human behavior but we can observes animals and even plants if we so desired, although that would be more or less useless including the data. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decision-making in their own right. All data and replication code for this paper can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JWXMFE. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decisionmaking in their own right. AP gov chapter 11 terms Flashcards - Questions and Answers - Quizlet Some of the pros of grades include: Standardization and universally recognized: In virtually any corner of the globe, people will understand what an A, B, C, D, or F letter grade stands for. At the same time, greater inclusion can also lead toward higher levels of extremism within the government, while encouraging more gridlock if the political parties are unable to find a pathway toward compromise. Political Behavior This information can be used to develop hypotheses for further research. It is particularly useful when researchers want to gain insights into a particular topic or identify trends. WAPPP sat with Anna to chat about her book, which is the first trade publication to exclusively feature Black scholars and experts across economics, education, health, and climate. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Rocha, R. R., Tolbert, C. J., Bowen, D. C., & Clark, C. J. (2009). It is more difficult to have extremism in government when proportional representation is in place as a full majority is more difficult to achieve. Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. Descriptive names are one of the most simplistic solutions. Baker, A., & Cook, C. (2005). Hibbing, J. R., & Theiss-Morse, E. (2002). The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). 05.17.2018, https://electionlab.mit.edu/articles/descriptive-representation-election-administration. This makes it easy for students to see where they stand in their academic performance. These respondents were excluded from analysis. There may even be safe states in U.S. presidential elections since most states award all electoral votes to the majority candidate. Given this, confidence in the accuracy of elections and the outcomes that they produce requires that voters trust not only their local processes and procedures, but also those across their state and the nation. Social Science Quarterly, 86(2), 444462. Carrying out a descriptive investigation that collects data about the political party that people will choose in the next elections, it is possible to predict, with a margin of error, the result that will be obtained in them. A current officeholder. For the case of the design of a descriptive investigation, most of the time it is necessary to obtain data that refers to the quantity. Naturalistic observational research is important because it allows researchers to observe people in a natural habitat without any variable manipulation. WAPPP has compiled resources from across Harvard University on what the historic ruling means for reproductive rights and other protected civil liberties. Easton, D. (1975). We would say that a black constituent is descriptively It encourages a coalition government. This type of research is often used in the social sciences, but can be used in other disciplines as well. Descriptive research can be used to classify the data collected in the study that is being carried out, separating them into different categories of description. pros and cons of descriptive representation In traditional elections, there are safe seats present for incumbents. The analysis demonstrates that similar to other public policy spaces, descriptive representation in the administration of elections matters. The gender gap in Latin America: Contextual and individual influences on gender and political participation. pros and cons of descriptive representation - maxidress.store About descriptive representation. In the profession of Psychology, watching people, animals, possessions in an environment are called observation. Political Analysis, 20(3), 351368. But the truth about that quote is that it actually arose from Henry Kett's 1814 collection of proverbs and Bon Mots called . Want to share feedback on WAPPP's events, programming, and opportunities for student and alum engagement? Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. They have no way of having that vote be represented. Race, representation, and trust: Changes in attitudes after the election of a black mayor. For a discussion of the representativeness and validity of MTurk as a data source, see Buhrmester etal. 1. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. descriptive representation pros and cons Sign in what are the 3 ps of dissemination. (1975). In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. Heres what we know. Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? California: University of California Press. Quota Problems: Combating the Dangers of Essentialism In contexts of group mistrust and uncrystallized interests, the better communication and experiential knowledge of descriptive representatives enhances their substantive representation of the group's interests by improving the quality of deliberation. Advantages and Disadvantages of Graphical Representation of Data However, it is important to understand its limitations and when it is most appropriate to use. That means those who serve in the government are less likely to focus on local issues as they have no local representation responsibilities. - Volume 55 Issue 2. Additionally, it is possible to make future forecasts, although they are considered premature or basic. They allow to formulate hypotheses, as well as provide a large amount of valuable data for the development of future investigations. Naturalistic observations were used by Charles Darwin during his research on chimpanzee; nonetheless, Charles Darwin was so fascinated by observing how primates and humans are acting in similar ways and having influence to another. Tyler, T. R. (1988). The aim is to show that the moral . PDF Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent Proportional representation, sometimes called simply PR, is defined as an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.. Minority representation, empowerment, and participation. During elections, millions of citizens vote in person either before or on Election Day. Descriptive investigations, unlike other types of investigations, carry out their study without altering or manipulating any of the variables of the phenomenon, limiting themselves only to their measurement and description. This article is called What Happens to Mental Health Treatment During Pregnancy? So if we did a study on say How many gangs are in Los Angeles? This will give us an answer of how many of something, like a situation that is being studied. This is different than a direct system of representation, where each seat is put up to a vote for a specific candidate, regardless of what party to which they associate. Interviews for the survey were conducted in all 50 states and the District of Columbia to represent the nation on several demographic characteristics including education, income, race, and partisanship. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance of descriptive representation or shared identity and perceived shared experience for racial and ethnic minorities is well documented. They are a concern whether a medication can cause damage to the fetal.

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