why is rickey smiley raising his grandson

While Rickey seemingly moved on after he shared his side of the story, the comedian didnt know he would lose his eldest son less than two years later. After some DNA testing confirming that it was his son, he wanted to be a part of his life.However, there was another man his ex-girlfriend had been dating who thought that it was his son; the girlfriend-boyfriend duo was raising him as his own while the man didnt know about it.Then the three parties involved came up with a solution. Persona 5 Royal Fusion Calculator, Rickey Smiley was born on August 10, 1968, in East Birmingham, Alabama, and grew up in a project home. Cosmetic surgery has become the norm, and that doesn't sit right with a lot of people. Rickey Smiley shocked the audience when revealed he is a father to 10 kids on "The Real"! Steve is another trash ass person and seems to have that same my way or the highway attitude. Bette Midler's Daughter Is a Slim Beauty & Looks Like Her Mom after She The three parties involved then devised a plan of action. Were praying Rickey and his family receive the support and comfort needed to navigate this immeasurable loss. He then explained that he was on his way to Birmingham, Ala., after learning that Brandon died at 32. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Watch as Rickey Smiley and his grandson go for a walk around the neighborhood. Rickey has raised two biological kids named Brandon and Malik and about 15 adopted kids (inc. a son; Craig, daughters; DEssence, and Aaryn); including his nieces and nephews. Rickey Smiley's Granddaughter Denver Is His Joy in Floral Yellow Outfit in New . I just had bad news this morning. Smiley has two grandchildren, the second of whom was born in 2019. Rickey Smiley For Real, a reality television series about his life, has made him famous. A post shared by Rickey Smiley (@rickeysmileyofficial) 06/08/2022 / 0 Comments / by RickeySmiley.com Tags: Grayson Smiley, rickey smiley. At the time of his birth, he was absolutely fine and was born perfectly healthy, but things kind of took a rough turn when he was four years old. Non Stop Sheet Music, Nightwatch Cast Member Killed, What Happened to Rickey Smiley's Son? Here's What to Know - Distractify Night Falls On Manhattan 123movies, We take a lot those kids out on boating trips because Im a boater, and I go fishing a lot with my sons. The Alabama native got his start in 2000 as . However, Brandon often showed his serious side and opened up about his experiences in the military before he died. You canhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7q7UhAGTJM Ricki Lake's documentary, The Business of Being Born, inspired Sterling K. Brown's wife, Ryanhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYS7e9Lf93s What do Kyla Pratt, Keke Palmer, Paula Jai Parker, and Cedric the Entertainer allGRANDPA DUTIES! On Sunday, Jan. 29, 2023, Rickey posted a video on his Instagram account. } Actor and comedian Rickey Smiley is mourning the death of his son Brandon Smiley. It wasn't a requirement for the job, it was a requirement of Rickey's neurotic ass. Ladder 49 Google Drive, if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'hollywoodmask_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_13',185,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-hollywoodmask_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'hollywoodmask_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_14',185,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-hollywoodmask_com-large-leaderboard-2-0_1');.large-leaderboard-2-multi-185{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Hurdy Gurdy For Sale, Born on 10 August 1968, in East Birmingham, Alabama, as Broderick Rickey Smiley, Rickey grew up in a project home.His mother raised him whereas his father- a Vietnam vet, passed away when he was six years of age. | Photo: Getty Images. Catch more of these family moments every week on Rickey Smiley For Real, which airs on TV One. 30x30 Tent Layout. Is it feasible, however, that he reared over ten children without the help of a wife or partner? How Is Brennen Taylor Age 23 Gay? 7 Days To Die Crossplay Xbox Ps4, what is a shrew worth in adopt me 2022; diane lockhart age; homes for sale lincoln county, wi; why is rickey smiley raising his grandson. Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), What Is The Cubic Feet Of My Kenmore Refrigerator Model 253, How To Make A Fabric Wall Hanging With Dowel, Lines 251 278 Infer What Happens To Tom What Details Support Your Inference, Webster's Unabridged Dictionary Second Edition, Cdl Class B Pre Trip Inspection Checklist Pdf, How To Unload Fertilizer In Farming Simulator 19, Terminator Resistance How To Get Good Ending, The Elves And The Shoemaker Questions And Answers, Berkshire Hathaway Automotive General Counsel, Which Practice Reduces The Risk Of A Boating Emergency, Symbols And Allusions In Water By The Spoonful. The Elves And The Shoemaker Questions And Answers, Aaryn opened up about her experience after undergoing surgery for the three gunshot wounds she sustained in her leg. However, he was once called gay due to his controversial statements on American R&B artist Fantasias baby daddy, Antwaun Cook, at one point in his career. After his father's untimely death when Rickey was six years old, he faced many hardships. When you go from being funny to people saying you inspire me, you help me, you gave this kid scholarshipswhen your body is laying in front of the church, and people are not lined up to get to that microphone just to have a moment to talk about how you have impacted their life, then you have wasted time on this earth. His father, a Vietnam veteran, died when he was six years old, leaving him to be raised by his mother. The Scouts are not pleased. Watch as Rickey Smiley and his grandson go for a walk around the neighborhood. And if any questions remain,the jury's still out there to decide.Get updated about your favorite star and their lifestyle right in your inbox. Ricky was born on 10th August 1968 as Broderick Ricky Smiley in Birmingham, Albania. 2019 Tracker Pro Team 175 Txw Review, I want everyone to watch this show because its universal, and we all go through the same things in life. Can Galvanized Pipe Be Used For Propane, She survived the harrowing incident, but Rickey was understandably shaken. Ofc trashy Eva is involved. He learned about his first child, his eldest son, six years after his birth. His eldest child, Brandon Smiley, passed away at the age of 32. */. Mimi Faust confirms that Ex Fianc Ty Young had Affair with Drew from RHOA, New Mother KeKe Palmer is impressed with single mothers, Swimwear brand Pour Moi names the 50 most attractive Nationalities, (For UK) You now need photo ID to vote + Accepted list + How to apply for Free Voter ID, New York Times bestselling author and professor Imani Perry opens up about living with Lupus, Jackson State University President Thomas Hudson has been placed on administrative leave, Thoughts from Ms. Going to Africa. The adorable children looked like they were having an enjoyable playtime with their famous grandpa. Goodness, that is tragic. I'm okay, but please pray for my son's mother Brenda, his siblings and his . January 25, 2017. Full Size Bedroom Sets Ikea, His mother, Kaylene Bowen, lied about her sons health . Rickey Smiley, born on August 10, 1968, in Birmingham, Alabama, was raised in a single-parent household along with his mother and five siblings. This is a look that grows out of our heads. How To Play 21 In Darts, He leaves behind a daughter named Storm, 3. Please be sure to open and click your first newsletter so we can confirm your subscription. Copyright 2023 Interactive One, LLC. But where did he derive the inspiration for the show? At any given performance, audiences are treated to such original characters as Bernice Jenkins, Lil Daryl, Joe Willie and Beauford. A possum feared extinct is discovered by an amateur naturalist in Papua New Guinea being cooked on a hungry family's BBQ. A real effective and EXPENSIVE way to remove stretch marks!!! Rickey Smiley Is on Grandpa Duty as He Enjoys Playtime with His ': Birth Mom Reunites with Son after 33 Years of Separation, Old Man Finds Kid in Cold Forest and Learns She Is His Granddaughter He Never Knew About Story of the Day, Woman Gets Pregnant Again after Giving Birth to Twins And Her Belly Becomes 'Huge', Woman Takes Bullet for Strangers Son, His Dad Attends Funeral and Meets 9 Crying Kids There Story of the Day, After Old Mans Death, Granddaughter Who Never Visited Him Inherits Envelope with Several Notes Story of the Day, Kelly Clarkson Survived the 'Worst Moments' in Her Life Before Giving Birth to Her Children, Meet Bob Newhart's 4 Beautiful Kids with Wife of 59 Years Who Gave up Her Career after They Married, Old Man Is Banned from Granddaughters Wedding after His Kids Finds Out He Works as a Janitor Story of the Day, Every Day Old Lady Sees Lonely Barefoot Triplets Fishing in a Pond and Follows Them Story of the Day. Nightwatch Cast Member Killed, He recorded himself walking around the airport as he explained what happened to his son Brandon Smiley. Who Is The Father Of Rickey Smiley Grandson Grayson Brandon was following in the footsteps of his father. Rickey hasnt disclosed the cause of death but did say that he was ok during the video. They should ask advertisers to drop his show. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Join the Lipstick Alley 2023 NCAA Tournament Challenge. We believe that every person's story is important as it provides our community with an opportunity to feel a sense of belonging, share their hopes and dreams. Comedian Rickey Smiley reveals his son Brandon has died at the age of if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'hollywoodmask_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_8',182,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-hollywoodmask_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Born on 10 August 1968, in East Birmingham, Alabama, as Broderick Rickey Smiley, Rickey grew up in a project home. However, it turns out that one of his old girlfriends (who will remain anonymous) kept this enormous secret about him becoming a father hidden from him. like how are they safely removed without 50% Hair Loss. Rickey is known for The Rickey Smiley Morning Show, Fox . Just kidding. Click to reveal Talking about his education, Rickey attended Woodlawn High School. Rickey has two biological children, Brandon and Malik, as well as roughly 15 adoptive children (including a son, Craig, and daughters, DEssence, and Aaryn), as well as nieces and nephews. Broderick Dornell Smiley (born August 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, television host, actor, and radio personality, known for his prank phone calls.The calls feature Smiley disguising his voice and carrying on a conversation with the recipient of the call. We collect and tell stories of people from all around the world. I just appreciate my sons for opening up their heart and their home and accepting other kids. As of 2018, the reality star boasts the net worth of $5 million. How do you reconcile feminist beliefs with the outright hostility some yt women (and non-black) women have towards us? 30x30 Tent Layout, ALSO READ: Rickey Smileys daughters: Aaryn and DEssence. The producer didnt tell Malik to say that hes not attracted to black women. border-bottom: none; How To Unload Fertilizer In Farming Simulator 19, The elder Smiley shared the sad news about his 32-year-old son in a video on his verified . Rickey is African American and attended Alabama State University and Tuskegee University for his education. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) So to wipe away the gay rumors, his relationship with ex-girlfriend and having kids might just be enough. He graduated from Woodlawn High School and went on to attend college at Alabama State University in Montgomery, Alabama. wow wow. However, Rickey didn't disclose Grayson's identity. People may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. On the surface, Smileys show, Rickey Smiley For Real, explores how the busyRickey has raised two biological kids namedit turns out that one of his former girlfriend (unrevealed) kept this huge secret about him becomingThe pair who were parenting his son eventually went on to get married Andrew Rannells Bio: Proud Gay Man Is Dating, Meet Fellow Actor Boyfriend, Leslie Roberts Is Gay? Im trying to pack a bag. He is famous for his show,Rickey Smiley For Real-a reality television series about his life. So just pray for our family.". Rickey has recorded eight best-selling albums, including iTunes #1 best-selling comedy album, Rickey Smiley: Prank Calls Number 6. Smiley has hosted BETs Open Casket Sharp and Comic View, and has appeared on Showtime At The Apollo, Uptown Comedy Club, HBOs Def Comedy Jam and Snaps. In addition to being featured on "Dish Nation," his nationally syndicated morning radio show can be heard in over 50 markets. "I lost my oldest son #BrandonSmiley this morning. Piantedosi Row Wing For Sale, However, the former ComicView host said he was OK but asked his followers to pray for Brandons mother, Brenda, and his siblings, Malik and sisters D'Essence, Taylor, and Aaryn. Rickey Smiley has been in a state of shock since then and has been mourning the death of his son. Raising over 15 kids as well as putting the majority of them through college, the comic continually finds himself in a variety of challenges such as behavioral and legal issues. They made the"Dish Nation" star's day bright. Rickey Smiley is counting his blessings after his daughter made it out of surgery after she was shot on Sunday night. How To Play 21 In Darts, This performer has a heart of gold reflected in his burning commitment and ongoing desire to champion underserved communities through The Rickey Smiley Foundation. Tbh For Strangers, Tags: GG, rickey smiley. Since sharing the news of Brandons death, Rickey has received tons of support in his comments from his fans and friends, including Tamar Braxton, Porsha Williams, and Kandi Burruss. But we really have raised between 12 and 15 children.. This show has received numerous awards, including the NAB Marconi Radio Award for Syndicated Personality of the Year. Also, Steve Harvey talked about the Jesus piece that he used to do, in which Rickey Smiley played the church organ like Sister Bernice Jenkins. Born in 1968 in Birmingham, comedian Rickey Smiley's father was shot to death when he was six years old. Watch Rickey explain how losing his father at only 6-years-old created a passion for helping and raising children . Over the last few months, I've been shocked to hear some of homophobic remarks that have come out of Rickey Smiley's mouth. After some DNA testing confirming that it was his son, he wanted to be a part of his life.However, there was another man his ex-girlfriend had been dating who thought that it was his son; the girlfriend-boyfriend duo was raising him as his own while the man didnt know about it.Then the three parties involved came up with a solution. Smiley then received his B.A. The Birmingham, Alabama native is a stand-up comedian, television host, actor, and radio personality in the United States. Brandon was following in the footsteps of his father. Source: MStudioImages / Getty. A comedian from the United States Rickey Smiley is well-known for his ability to raise a child alone. Rickey Smiley is a professional comedian who fully understands the benefits of shocking people. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'hollywoodmask_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_15',188,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-hollywoodmask_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); However, during one time in his career, he was once labeled 'gay' amidst his controversial comments on American R&B singer, Fantasia's baby dady, Antwaun Cook. Her husband ended his career to raise his daughter and save the marriage. Storm is the daughter of Brandon, the veteran comedians late son, who welcomed the little girl in August 2019. The prank caller and reality TV star is an Alabama-born comedian who was born on August 10, 1968. From his childhood, with the void of his father!Losing his father when he was only six years of age had a significant impact on his life but especially on his decisions to provide his kids with a healthy environment. Pathological Liar Test, The reality personality has a net worth of $5 million as of 2018. I think Ricky is too tough!! The Ice Storm Full Movie, Sons Refuse to Visit Their Mom, She Leaves Inheritance to Little Boy Next Door Story of the Day, Man Hears Dog Barking in Front of His House Every Day, Sees Photo of His Grandma on Dogs Collar Story of the Day, Young Woman Adopts an Orphan Boy and Finds Out He Is Her Biological Brother Story of the Day, Penny Marshall Gave Birth at 19 - Her Husband Wanted a Baby Boy While Her Mother Hid the Childs Real Age, Dying Grandpa Gets a Surprise Visit from Granddaughter, Starts Crying When He Sees a Baby with Her, 'I Can't Believe I Actually Found You! why is rickey smiley raising his grandson - The Geocaching Junkie Panko Shrimp Costco, Does anyone else feel behind because we lost two years due to pandemic? Content warning: This article mentions suicide. How To Make A Fabric Wall Hanging With Dowel, Rickey Smiley Biography - Children, Girlfriend, Net Worth, Interviews Home. You have entered an incorrect email address! Thank you for subscribing! Meet Grayson Smiley - Photos Of Slade Smiley's Son With Baby Mama Comedian Rickey Smiley has revealed the sad news that his eldest son Brandon has died aged 32. Rickey Smiley is an American stand-up comedian, television host, actor, and television personality, known particularly for his prank calls. Smiley, who starred on "The Rickey Smiley Show", took to his official Instagram on Sunday and shared that he had some "bad news" to deliver. I mean you have to look the part. Rickey Smiley age, height, weight, net worth 2023, girlfriend, wife Her daughter was reportedly caught in the crossfire and was among a group of people who were rushed to the hospital. Who is Rickey Smiley's grandson? There was no reason for this boy to cut his hair other than for Rickey to assert that he holds the strings. Connie Britton Twin Sister Picture, Find Out:Leslie Roberts Is Gay? E10 Gas Stations, All Rights Reserved. Rickey is known for The Rickey Smiley Morning Show, Fox syndicated TV show Dish Nation, and TV One sitcom, The Rickey Smiley Show. Then theres another aspect that is entirely relatable to any ethnic group: Single Parenthood.But where did he derive the inspiration for the show? countryside funeral home chanute, ks. From his childhood, with the void of his father! Entertainment host Rickey Smiley was born on August 10, 1968 in Birmingham, Alabama where he graduated from Woodlawn High School. /* They are Grayson (granddaughter) and Storm (grandson). The young teen shared on her Instagram Story that the armored rifle bullets could have hit her in the head. 0:00. 9:59 AM. Hangman Words For Kids, Despite revealing and making humor of all the solid matter, Rickey Smiley has remained wordless when in turn . C3 Corvette Custom Center Console, Terminator Resistance How To Get Good Ending, Rickey has raised two biological kids named Brandon and Malik and about 15 adopted kids (inc. a son; Craig, daughters; D'Essence, and Aaryn); including his nieces and nephews. Dad Gets Custody Of Son For Christmas - The Rickey Smiley Morning Show Does Eva Marcille Have a Radio Show? So just pray for our family., A post shared by Rickey Smiley (@rickeysmileyofficial). We need to start coming together and try to change the system by demanding corporate reforms that make locks professional. Watch as Rickey Smiley and his grandson go for a walk around the neighborhood. Judi Dench Tried to Have More Kids Yet She Was Turned Down She Raised Her Only Grandson Years Later. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2aaa330f65da9b 233K views, 5.1K likes, 1.5K loves, 1.1K comments, 443 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Rickey Smiley: A lot of people have been asking me what's going to happen to my grandson Grayson when I move. Rickey further added that he tried to help Craig as much as he could while he was alive, including using his connections to find him opportunities outside their hometown. Rickey may be the celebrity, but his grandson definitely steals the spotlight in this precious clip. 2017 Glastron Gt 185 Review, Pathological Liar Test, 2 Without Hats Esa Loca, Listen toThe Rickey Smiley Morning Show weekdays from 6-10 a.m. EST! In the wake of someone taking their own life he decides to post this? January 28, 2023 He started showing signs of developmental delays, and by the time he was in kindergarden . His fathers death when he was six years old had a profound impact on his life, particularly on his decision to raise his children in a healthy atmosphere. CNN . 8th Grade Vocabulary Workbook Pdf, Rickey first started by visiting his kid occasionally until his son decided to move in with him.The pair who were parenting his son eventually went on to get married whereas, Smiley went on to become a great dad.Black fatherhood is a unique part of his show because rarely any program shows the accurate representation of how it is like being a black father. Enter your email address to subscribe & receive notifications of new posts by email. I might get groan for this but I agree. Rickey Smiley is among those who prefers women who have opted not to have any work done. Married Life No Longer With Wife, Height And Net Worth & More. 7 Days To Die Crossplay Xbox Ps4, Rickey Smiley's Son is What Happens When You Have Crappy Parenting Skills & Ideologies Drenched in Misognynoir Que? But how did he come up with the idea for the show? American comedian and radio host Rickey Smiley grew up . After news broke about Rickeys nephews death, some claimed the rocky relationship couldve led to his death. Men feel the need to impose themselves on other men's wives they don't find attractive. Lines 251 278 Infer What Happens To Tom What Details Support Your Inference, He also enjoyed posting videos and photos of his daughter and siblings. Symbols And Allusions In Water By The Spoonful, The fact he started off with, "I'm not responsible for nobody's death," instead of grieving for him, is just stone fck!ng cold. Dial or text 988, call 1-800-273-8255, or chat via their website. British Ministers Almost Ordered The Extermination Of All Cats At Start Of COVID-19 Pandemic, Girl Scouts sold-out cookie is available on eBay. Offers may be subject to change without notice. comedian Rickey Smiley revealed his eldest child, son Brandon Smiley -- who also worked as a comedian -- had passed . who is grayson smiley father - stmatthewsbc.org Hideaway Pizza Nutrition Menu, His friends and family do not adore him solely because he is renowned; his compassion plays a significant role in this regard. Rickey Smiley, a comedian who's known for doing hilarious prank phone calls, recently showed fans how to be a full-time grandfather for a day. 2019 Tracker Pro Team 175 Txw Review, Rickey Smiley, the host of The Rickey Smiley Show, is reportedly unmarried. Black fatherhood is a unique part of his show because rarely any program shows the accurate representation of how it is like being a black father. Also, he is the elder biological son of Rickey Smiley and his mysterious girlfriend. I didnt look at the video but was the nephew on his reality show? Thats the kind of man he is, and thats the message hes always trying to send: his children are his universe, and all children should be well-cared for because they are the future. Watch Rickey explain how losing his father at only 6-years-old created a passion for helping and raising children, and why he loves every minute of it! Share this entry. Rickey Smiley onstage hosting the BET Super Bowl Gospel Celebration at the James L. Knight Center on January 30, 2020 in Miami, Florida. Keep reading to find out what happened to Rickey Smileys son and what he has said about the tragedy. So, to put an end to the gay rumors, his connection with his ex-girlfriend and the fact that he has children might be enough. Rickey Smiley is a comedian, television host, and nationally syndicated radio personality. Below, take a look at the three main reasons he will be missed: Smiley brings a sense of family to Facebook -There have been several times that Smiley has introduced us to family members. Storm is the daughter of Brandon, the veteran comedian's son, who welcomed the little girl in August 2019. Rickey Smiley - Wikipedia who is rickey smiley grandson grayson mom and dad You must log in or register to reply here. Please fill in your e-mail so we can share with you our top stories! She is an avid follower of celebrity culture and idolizes the fieriness of Cardi B. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUW0d0-rbow How is Tia Mowry preparing her son, Cree, and daughter, Cairo, for the upcominghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-uIQDRS4a8 The One And Only Ivan is coming to Disney+ later this month. She is an avid follower of celebrity culture and idolizes the fieriness of Cardi B. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUW0d0-rbow How is Tia Mowry preparing her son, Cree, and daughter, Cairo, for the upcominghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I-uIQDRS4a8 The One And Only Ivan is coming to Disney+ later this month. Comedian Rickey Smiley has proudly raised a family of more than five kids. Rickey Smiley's Grandson Graduates From Kindergarten [VIDEO] "I'm not responsible for anybody's death. Rickey Smiley divorce, married, net worth, salary, affair, girlfriend Now I see what my granddaddy went through and why he felt the way he felt. Girlfriend Now To Prove Rumors Wrong? This is absolutely ridiculous to blame him for this young man's death.His sister is angry and it's easier to deal with anger than to face the grief of her brothers death and how he died.This was bigger than hair cutting and pressure to succeed and have more to do with his drug issues and what's he dealt with in the past.There was nothing wrong with what Rickey told that young man ,if you dont like him that one thing ,but for you to yall to bash him on this womans word over a death is out of line. December 31, 2022 . Rickey detailed why he believes in physical discipline pointing to structure, respectability, and clearly demarcating the line of authority from parent to child. I'm an avid listener of the Rickey Smiley Morning Show. Storm is the daughter of Brandon, the veteran comedian's late son, who welcomed the little girl in August 2019. The Beat is replacing The Rickey Smiley Morning Show with Veda Loca in the Morning. So, Rickey Smiley's 97.9 Dallas days seem to be coming to an end, at least for now. Do American comedian and actor Rickey Smiley has a grandson?

Dfas Cleveland Navy Address, Articles W